Termination efforts Īs part of the Indian termination policy followed by the US government between the 1940s and 1960s, the Alabama Coushatta Tribe was targeted. They appealed to the state to have land set aside for their exclusive use. After the annexation of Texas by the United States, settlement increased and the tribes were under pressure again. Sam Houston helped protect them during years of conflicts with other Native Americans in the area. When the area began to be settled by European Americans from the United States, the tribes established friendly relations and traded with the new settlers. They settled in an area known as Big Thicket and adapted their culture to the environment of forest and waters. Under pressure from European American settlement, the ancestors of this tribe were Alabama and Coushatta peoples who migrated from Alabama and the Southeast into Louisiana and finally East Texas when it was under Spanish rule in the late 18th century. The Seminole Indian Nation in Florida also includes a large percentage of descendants of the Creek Confederacy who relocated there and merged with another tribe. Four tribes are located in Oklahoma, to where most of the Muscogee were forcibly removed from the Indigenous Muscogee homeland in Alabama and western Georgia in the 1830s during the Trail of Tears under Indian Removal, one tribe is in Louisiana, where another band of Muscogee fled European encroachment in two waves in the late 18th century and the early 19th century, and another tribe comprises the Poarch Band of Creeks, who remained in Alabama. They are one of eight federally recognized tribes whose members are descended from the Muscogee Confederacy of the Southeast. As of 2022, the tribe has over 1,200 members with 589 residing on the Texas reservation. They are one of three federally recognized tribes in Texas. These peoples are descended from members of the historic Muscogee or Creek Confederacy of numerous tribes in the Southeastern U.S., particularly Georgia and Alabama. The Alabama–Coushatta Tribe of Texas ( Alabama: Albaamaha–Kosaatihaha, Coushatta: Albaamoha–Kowassaatiha) is a federally recognized tribe of Alabama and Koasati in Polk County, Texas, United States. Smaller sign at the Alabama–Coushatta Reservation east of Livingston, Texas

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